Processing keyword: A。なおB。(A. Nao B.)
Japanese Grammar Point: A。なおB。(A. Nao B.)
1. Introduction
In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar point 「なお」 used in the structure A。なおB。. This conjunction is commonly used to add supplementary information or provide additional remarks related to the previous statement. Understanding how to use 「なお」 will enhance your ability to connect sentences smoothly, especially in formal contexts.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning
「なお」 translates to "furthermore," "in addition," or "moreover" in English. It introduces additional information that is closely related to the preceding sentence.
Usage
- To provide supplementary information.
- To add emphasis or clarify previous statements.
Structure
Sentence A。なお、Sentence B。
- Sentence A。
- An initial statement or information.
- なお、
- Conjunction meaning "furthermore" or "in addition."
- Sentence B。
- Additional information related to Sentence A.
Formation Diagram
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Sentence A。 | Initial statement. |
| なお、 | Conjunction adding more information. |
| Sentence B。 | Supplementary or additional statement. |
3. Comparative Analysis
「なお」 vs. Similar Conjunctions
| Conjunction | Meaning | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| なお | Furthermore, in addition | Adds supplementary info to the previous sentence. |
| また | Also, moreover | Introduces another item or point. |
| それから | Then, after that | Indicates a sequence in actions or events. |
| ちなみに | By the way, incidentally | Adds loosely related information or a side note. |
- Difference:
- 「なお」 is used for closely related additional information, often in formal contexts.
- 「また」 is for adding another point of equal importance.
- 「それから」 indicates a sequence.
- 「ちなみに」 introduces a tangential or incidental point.
4. Examples in Context
Example 1: Formal Context
Japanese:
本日の会議はこれで終了です。なお、次回の会議は来週月曜日に行います。
English Translation:
"This concludes today's meeting. Furthermore, the next meeting will be held next Monday."
Example 2: Informing Additional Rules
Japanese:
試験中は携帯電話の電源を切ってください。なお、試験開始後の退室は認められません。
English Translation:
"Please turn off your mobile phones during the exam. In addition, leaving the room after the exam has started is not permitted."
Example 3: Written Announcement
Japanese:
新しい図書館がオープンしました。なお、利用時間は午前9時から午後8時までです。
English Translation:
"The new library has opened. Moreover, the hours of operation are from 9 AM to 8 PM."
Example 4: Adding Clarification
Japanese:
この商品は現在在庫切れです。なお、入荷予定は未定です。
English Translation:
"This product is currently out of stock. Furthermore, the restock date is undecided."
Example 5: Casual Conversation (Less common)
Japanese:
明日のパーティーに行くよ。なお、プレゼントは不要だよ。
English Translation:
"I'm going to the party tomorrow. Also, you don't need to bring a gift."
5. Cultural Notes
Formality and Usage
- Formality Level:
- 「なお」 is primarily used in formal writing or speech, such as business communications, official announcements, academic writing, and news reports.
- It is less common in casual conversation.
Politeness
- Using 「なお」 reflects a polite and professional tone.
- It helps convey information respectfully and efficiently.
Idiomatic Expressions
- While 「なお」 itself is a conjunction, it's often found in set phrases in formal contexts.
- Commonly used in legal documents, manuals, and formal letters.
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Common Mistakes
- Overusing in Casual Speech:
- Using 「なお」 excessively in everyday conversation can sound unnatural or overly formal.
- Confusing with 「ちなみに」:
- Mixing up 「なお」 with 「ちなみに」, which introduces incidental or less directly related information.
Tips
- Remember the Formality:
- Use 「なお」 in formal contexts to add directly related information.
- Choose the Right Conjunction:
- For casual conversation, consider using 「それで」, 「そして」, or 「それから」 instead.
Mnemonic Device
- "Now, more info!"
- Think of 「なお」 as saying "Now, here's more information," emphasizing that additional, relevant details are coming.
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- 「なお」 is used to add supplementary, closely related information in formal contexts.
- The structure is A。なおB。, connecting two sentences smoothly.
- It is commonly translated as "furthermore," "in addition," or "moreover."
- Use 「なお」 to maintain a polite and professional tone in writing and formal speech.
Quick Recap Quiz
- What is the primary use of 「なお」 in Japanese?
a) To indicate contrast
b) To add supplementary information
c) To express a sequence of events
Answer: b) To add supplementary information - In which context is 「なお」 most appropriately used?
a) Casual conversation among friends
b) Formal business emails
c) Informal text messages
Answer: b) Formal business emails - Which conjunction would you use to add a side note or incidental information?
a) なお
b) ちなみに
c) それから
Answer: b) ちなみに
By mastering the use of 「なお」, you'll be able to enhance the clarity and professionalism of your formal Japanese communication. Remember to consider the level of formality in your context to choose the most appropriate conjunction.